Timeline from 1820 to 1830

Timeline from 1820 to 1830 Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1820: Harriet Tubman is believed to have been born about 1820. As was the case with many slaves, the date of her birth was thought unimportant and was not recorded.January 24, 1820: Henry J. Raymond, political activist, journalist, and founder of the New York Times, was born in Livingston County, New York.January 29, 1820: George IV became the King of England upon the death of George III.February 8, 1820: William Tecumseh Sherman, Union general in the Civil War, was born in Lancaster, Ohio.February 15, 1820: Susan B. Anthony, leader of the American suffrage movement, was born in Adams, Massachusetts.March 1820: The Missouri Compromise became law in the United States. The landmark legislation effectively pushed the issue of slavery aside for the next few decades.March 22, 1820: American naval hero Stephen Decatur was fatally wounded in a duel fought near Washington, D.C.May 12, 1820: Florence Nightingale, English nurse and reformer, was born in Italy.September 26, 1820: American frontiersma n Daniel Boone died in Missouri at the age of 85. He had pioneered the Wilderness Road, which led many settlers westward to Kentucky. October 6, 1820: Jenny Lind, whose American tour was a sensation promoted by Phineas T. Barnum in 1850, was born in Sweden.November 1820: James Monroe faced virtually no opposition and was reelected president of the United States. 1821: February 22, 1821: The Adams-Onis Treaty, by which the United States obtained Florida, went into effect.March 4, 1821: James Monroe was sworn in for his second term as president of the United States.May 5, 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte died in exile on the island of St. Helena.July 24, 1821: Bill Poole, who became notorious as Bill the Butcher, was born in New Jersey.September 3, 1821: A devastating hurricane struck New York City, and the study of its path would lead to the understanding of rotating storms.October 17, 1821: Photographer Alexander Gardner was born in Scotland. He would become noteworthy for photographing the dead at Antietam during the Civil War as well as taking notable portraits of President Abraham Lincoln.December 25, 1821: Clara Barton, Civil War nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, was born in Oxford, Massachusetts.A childrens book published in New York City referred to a character named Santeclaus, which may have been the first printed reference to Santa Cla us in the English language. American traders began using the Santa Fe Trail. 1822: April 22, 1822: Ulysses S. Grant, Civil War general and later president of the United States, was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio.April 26, 1822: Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park, was born in Hartford, Connecticut.May 30, 1822: Arrests in Charleston, South Carolina, prevented a slave uprising which had been planned by Denmark Vesey.October 4, 1822: Rutherford B. Hayes, who would become president in the disputed election of 1876, was born in Delaware, Ohio.Charles Babbage designed the â€Å"difference engine,† an early computing machineHieroglyphs were deciphered using the Rosetta Stone.The first group of freed slaves being resettled in Africa by the American Colonization Society arrived in Liberia and founded the town of Monrovia, named for President James Monroe. 1823: April 3, 1823: William Marcy Boss Tweed, the leader of notorious New York political machine Tammany Hall, was born in New York City.December 23, 1823: The poem A Visit From St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore was published in a newspaper in Troy, New York.December 1823: President James Monroe introduced the Monroe Doctrine as part of his annual message to Congress. 1824: January 21, 1824: Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson, Confederate general in the Civil War, was born in Virginia.March 2, 1824: The landmark Supreme Court decision Gibbons v. Ogden ended a monopoly of steamboats in the waters around New York City. The case opened up the steamboat business to competition, which made great fortunes possible for entrepreneurs such as Cornelius Vanderbilt. But the case also established principles regarding interstate commerce which apply to the present day.May 23, 1824: Ambrose Burnside, Civil War general, was born in Indiana.August 14, 1824: The Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolution, returned to America for a grand tour. He had been invited by the federal government, which wanted to show off all the progress the nation had made in the 50 years since its founding. Over the course of a year Lafayette visited all 24 states as an honored guest.November 1824: The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was deadlocked with no clear winner and would become known as The Corrupt Bargain. With the controversial election of 1824, a period of American politics known as The Era of Good Feelings came to an end. 1825: February 9, 1825: The election of 1824 was settled by a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams as president. Supporters of Andrew Jackson claimed a Corrupt Bargain had been struck between Adams and Henry Clay.March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as president of the United States.October 26, 1825: The entire length of the Erie Canal was officially opened across New York, from Albany to Buffalo. The engineering feat had been the brainchild of DeWitt Clinton. 1826: January 30, 1826: The Menai Suspension Bridge opened in Wales, ushering in an age of great bridges.July 4, 1826: American songwriter Stephen Foster was born in Pennsylvania.July 4, 1826: John Adams died in Massachusetts and Thomas Jefferson died in Virginia, on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Their deaths left Charles Carroll of Carrollton as the last surviving singer of the nations founding document.December 3, 1826: George B. McClellan, Civil War general and commander of Union forces at the Battle of Antietam, was born in Philadelphia.Josiah Holbrook founded the American Lyceum Movement in Massachusetts.Irish immigrant John Hughes, future archbishop and political force in New York, was ordained a priest. 1827: March 26, 1827: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria, at the age of 56.August 12, 1827: English poet and artist William Blake died in London, England at the age of 69.Artist John James Audubon published the first volume of Birds of America. 1828: February 8, 1828: Writer Jules Verne was born in France.Summer-Fall 1828: The election of 1828  was preceded by perhaps the dirtiest campaign ever, with supporters of Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams hurling shocking accusations.November 1828: Andrew Jackson was elected president of the United States. 1829: March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as president of the United States, and raucous supporters nearly wreck the White House.Cornelius Vanderbilt began operating his own fleet of steamboats in New York Harbor.Religious freedom increased in Ireland, thanks to the Catholic Emancipation movement of Daniel O’ConnellThe Metropolitan Police Service was founded in London, England, with its headquarters at Scotland Yard. Decade By Decade: 1800-1810 | 1810-1820 | 1830-1840 | 1840-1850 | 1850-1860 | 1860-1870 | 1870-1880 | 1880-1890 | 1890-1900 | The Civil War Year By Year

Organization and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Organization and Management - Essay Example On the other hand, there are companies that were able to successfully adopt empowerment strategies, such as the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company was based on the ideals of innovative customer service and is widely known for pleasure-seeking comfort and luxury. The Ritz-Carlton is a pioneer in employee training. It has transformed the service industry by achieving the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. It was the only hotel company to receive the prestigious award. Currently, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company is supervised by Marriott International, Inc., a top international hospitality company. Mr. Marriott has created an approach that places emphasis on their human resources and provide greater satisfaction and value for the company and its employees: â€Å"1. Get it right the first time, 2. Money isn’t the only thing, 3. Create a caring workplace, 4. Promote from within, and 5. Build your brand†. Empowering employees and improving customer service were the thrusts underlying the self-motivated and autonomous work teams at the Ritz-Carlton Company. After receiving the Malcolm Bardrige Award, the Ritz-Carlton Company realised that empowering their employees, especially their front-line staff, would further motivate the staff and create an excellent customer service. With these objectives in mind, the company’s executive group embarked on an empowerment programme. After a thorough assessment of existing processes in each department, the executive group discovered several management duties for potential reassignment to hourly staff. These involved projecting budgets, interviewing and choosing members of the team, collecting payroll accounts, and creating work schedules. The company created a mission statement that was approved by the entire staff. The front-line staff began the trial with self-directed activities by acquiring the duties of the

TO WHAT EXTENT ARE LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES CONSIDERED UNIVERSALLY Essay

TO WHAT EXTENT ARE LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES CONSIDERED UNIVERSALLY EFFECTIVE AND DESIRABLE - Essay Example Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Requirements of international and domestic leadership in terms of leadership skills and competencies 4 2.1 Leader – characteristics 4 2.2 Environment that makes leadership international 5 2.3 Culture as related to domestic and international leadership 6 2.4 The influences of environment on domestic and international leadership 8 2.5 Challenges that international leaders face 10 2.6 Domestic vs global leader – differences and similarities 12 3. Conclusion 13 References 14 1. Introduction The performance of organizations in the global market is usually evaluated by referring to their leadership style. A leader is the individual who has the power to take all important decisions of each organization, including the design of its strategy and the control of all its activities (Grisham 2011). The behaviour of leaders is not standardized since each leader has his unique experiences, skills and perceptions. In fact, it has been proved that the development of an effective leadership strategy is depended on a series of factors. Most commonly, the socio-cultural and economic environment but also the objectives of the organization are the criteria on which leadership decisions are based. In addition, a leadership strategy needs to be feasible in terms of available resources. At this point, the following issue appears: can the effectiveness of a leader being influenced by the geographical region in which his decisions will be applied? In the literature, a distinction is made between domestic leaders and international leaders. The activities of the former are limited within a particular area; the leaders of organizations that operate only locally belong in this category. International leaders are those who can be involved in leadership decisions related to the global market (Marquardt 2000). In other words, a leadership is made international when referring to the global environment of an organization, meaning not only the n eeds of the organization in regard to its activities in a foreign country but also the challenges that the organization has to face in the global market; competition, cultural differences and regulatory framework are the most common challenges of this kind. The differences and similarities of domestic leaders and international leaders are analytically presented in this paper aiming to show that domestic leadership requires different skills and competencies than the international leadership. For this reason, the appropriateness of individuals to act as leaders domestically or internationally can be evaluated only if reviewing carefully their skills, as responding to the demands of each of these two leadership types. 2. Requirements of international and domestic leadership in terms of leadership skills and competencies 2.1 Leader - characteristics In order to be successful as a leader an individual needs to have certain qualities. In practice, the characteristics of leaders can be hig hly differentiated under the influence of their personal experiences and perceptions. Still, there are certain requirements that leaders need to meet (Maxwell 2005). A leader who meets all these requirements can be considered as fully successful in regard to his role (Maxwell 2005). It should be noted that leadership, as a role, can incorporate many phases. In each of these phases a leader should meet different requirements. These phases can be set in a hierarchy, and would be the following, starting from the lower level: a) Position;, b) Permission, c) Production, d) People development (Maxwell 2005). Each of these phases has different requirements; for example, in the first phase followers simply execute the orders given to them because they are obliged to; the autocratic leadership style